In the recent domestic military movies, the drone can be described as the limelight: it quietly scouts the other position in "Aerospace Hunting", sweeps the crowd in "War Wolf 2", and directly reimbursed a tank in "Red Sea Action" !
However, the drones in the movie are cool, but each drone needs to be equipped with a remote control personnel. Controlling hundreds of drones in concert seems to be a difficult task.
However, in June 2017, China Electronics Technology Group successfully achieved the coordinated flight of 119 fixed-wing UAVs, successfully demonstrating the intensive ejection of 119 UAVs, air autonomous assembly, multi-purpose automatic grouping, and automatic formation. Enclosed and so on. The focus of this experiment is "cluster intelligence"! Only one person can operate hundreds of drones.
Chinese UAV cluster coordinated flight
What is a drone cluster?
The drone cluster is composed of a large number of drones, which can be composed of identical drones, or can be detected by infrared reconnaissance drones, radar detecting drones, image reconnaissance drones, fighters, bombers, etc. Different drones are composed. They exchange situation and information with each other through wireless networks, etc., and coordinate and cooperate to complete task assignment and track planning.
In the system, each drone is an intelligent body with independent flight, reconnaissance and other capabilities, while the drone group can exchange information through the wireless network, and there is information interaction between the drone group and the manned aircraft or the ground. Finally, the management of the drone group, the assignment of tasks between groups, the planning of group tracks and the planning of single drone track are realized.
The following figure shows a conceptual diagram of multi-UAV collaborative search. Multiple drones with different functions are used to search for specific areas to improve detection accuracy and detection range.
Multi-UAV cluster collaborative search
Multiple UAVs can perform combat missions in a coordinated manner, which can expand the scope of detection and attack, and improve the efficiency of execution. As the saying goes, "a good man and three gangs" is the reason.
Cluster Intelligence: Learning from Bees
The animal community cluster behavior refers to the emergence of groups, the purpose is to improve the interests of the group through mutual cooperation, while at the same time satisfying their own interests. The drone cluster technology originated from nature and originated from life. The original concept of drone cluster originated from ancient insect bees.
In order to reduce the operation difficulty of the drone operator, it is easy to operate one hundred or even thousands of drones by one operator, and it is necessary to manage the drone group by simulating biological cluster behavior.
To achieve this goal, we first need to design a cluster management controller. By designing a control algorithm, this group can independently search for artillery positions like ant colonies and bird groups, and at the same time, detect obstacles such as obstacles and radars during flight. And share this information within the fleet, enabling the fleet to independently plan the best flight routes, avoid threats, and reach the destination in the shortest possible time. After arriving at the destination, according to the functions of each drone, different tasks are assigned to each drone through cluster management:
The reconnaissance crew is responsible for reconnaissance of the surrounding environment, the specific coordinates of the artillery positions, etc., and then sends the coordinates of the artillery position and surrounding environment information to the bombing unit.
According to the coordinates of the artillery position, the bombing unit planned the best attack path and bombarded the artillery position and surrounding threats.
The combat crew is responsible for surrounding warnings and escorts to prevent enemy aircraft from harassing and intercepting.
Of course, in addition to this, there will be units responsible for seduction, communication, interference, etc. to accomplish this task.
What kind of future drone group
In recent years, the drone industry has developed rapidly. Due to its low cost and high efficiency, the UAV cluster has received extensive attention at home and abroad.
In May 2016, the US Air Force officially proposed the "2016-2036 Small UAV System Flight Plan", hoping to build a small UAV system across the three operational domains of aviation, space, and cyberspace, and achieve no in 2036. Human-machine system cluster operations. The main development goals of the US Air Force small UAV system in the near, medium and long term are clarified.
Elf drone group concept map
The above picture shows the simulated combat effect of the unmanned aerial vehicle cluster cooperating in a complex battlefield environment. It can be seen that the cluster consists of a number of different functions of the drone, including a manned aircraft. The man-machine is responsible for controlling the drone group and sending instructions to it. After the drone group receives the operational command, the unmanned aerial surveillance aircraft in the cluster independently detects the coordinates of the enemy position, detects the threat, and passes the network between the drones, manned and unmanned. The human-machine group conducts information interaction, and calculates the best flight route and attack plan through the calculation of the UAV cluster cooperative controller, realizing the reconnaissance and maximum damage to the enemy positions, maximizing the task success rate and reducing the own side. Casualties.
Simulated operational map of coordinated combat projects in complex battlefield environments
In addition, there are the European Union's Heterogeneous Multi-UAV Real-Time Collaboration and Control (COMETS) project, as well as the Australian Research Center's autonomous navigation and environmental awareness research projects.
UAV cluster technology has received extensive attention in the field of military confrontation. Its low-cost, large-scale and high-intelligence features make it have a good development prospect in the civil field. Large-scale collaborative work will greatly improve search efficiency. Detection accuracy, gain valuable time for agriculture and forest protection, search and rescue, etc., while providing accurate data.
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