What is an interruption?
Refers to the computer running process, some unexpected situations require host intervention, the machine can automatically stop the running program and transfer to the program to handle the new situation, after processing, return to the original suspended program to continue running. (standard definition)
Interrupt function:
1 improve the efficiency of the computer system. The processing speed of the processor in the computer system is much higher than the working speed of the peripheral device. Interruption can coordinate the work between them.
2 to maintain reliable and normal system operation. Programmers cannot directly intervene and manipulate the machine. They must make requests to the operating system through the interrupt system, and the operating system can implement human intervention.
3 meet the real-time processing requirements. In real-time systems, various monitoring and control devices randomly issue interrupt requests to the processor, which responds and processes at any time.
4 Provide fault handling methods. The processor is equipped with various fault detection and error diagnosis components. Once a fault or error is found, an interrupt request is immediately issued to record and isolate the fault site, providing the necessary basis for further processing.
Interrupt priority:
When there are several interrupt sources simultaneously issuing interrupt requests at a time, the processor only responds to the interrupt source with the highest priority. When a request for another interrupt source occurs while the processor is running an interrupt service routine, if the latter's priority is lower than the former, the processor ignores it; otherwise, the processor immediately responds to the latter, entering the so-called "embedded" Set of interrupts.
Interrupt processing:
1 interrupt source sends an interrupt request;
2 determining whether the current processor allows the interrupt and whether the interrupt source is blocked;
3 priority queuing;
4 After the processor finishes executing the current instruction or the current instruction cannot be executed, the current program is immediately stopped, the breakpoint address and the current state of the processor are protected, and the corresponding interrupt service program is transferred;
5 execution of the interrupt service routine;
6Restore the protected state and execute the "interrupt return" command to return to the interrupted program or transfer to another program.
The first four operations in the above process are done by hardware, and the latter two are done by software.
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