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The role of the automotive engine cooling system is to ensure that the car engine operates at the optimum temperature. It is an important part of the engine's normal operation. If the failure of the car's cooling system affects the overall working capacity of the engine, the maintenance and maintenance of the car's engine cooling system is particularly important. How can we ensure the good working condition of the car cooling system? Understanding the structure of the car engine cooling system and the role of its various components is the key to solving the problem.
First, the structure of the car engine cooling system
The automobile engine cooling system is a forced circulation water cooling system, that is, the pump is used to increase the pressure of the coolant, and the forced coolant is circulated in the engine. The cooling system mainly consists of a water pump, a radiator, a cooling fan, a compensation water tank, a thermostat, a water jacket in the engine body and the cylinder head, and an auxiliary device.
1) Coolant
Coolant, also known as antifreeze, is a liquid consisting of antifreeze additives and additives that prevent rust from metals and water. It requires antifreeze, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and deteriorating properties. Ethylene glycol is often used as the main component, and antifreeze added with anti-corrosion and water is added.
2) Thermostat
From the introduction of the cooling cycle, it can be seen that the thermostat is determined to go "cold cycle" or "normal cycle". The thermostat is turned on after 80 ° C, and the opening is maximum at 95 ° C. The thermostat cannot be turned off, causing the cycle to enter the "normal cycle" from the beginning, which causes the engine to fail to reach or reach normal temperatures as quickly as possible. The thermostat cannot be turned on or turned on, which makes the coolant unable to circulate through the radiator, causing the temperature to be too high or normal when the time is high. If the overheating occurs due to the thermostat not being turned on, the temperature and pressure of the upper and lower water pipes of the radiator will be different.
3) Water pump
The function of the pump is to pressurize the coolant to ensure it circulates in the cooling system. The failure of the water pump usually causes leakage of the water seal, and the bearing fault causes the rotation to be abnormal or sound. In the event of engine overheating, the first thing to notice is the pump belt to check if the belt is broken or loose.
4) radiator
When the engine is working, the coolant flows in the radiator core, the air passes outside the radiator core, and the hot coolant cools due to heat dissipation to the air. There is also an important small part on the radiator, which is the radiator cover, which is easily overlooked. As the temperature changes, the coolant will “swell and contractâ€, and the internal pressure of the radiator will increase due to the expansion of the coolant. When the internal pressure reaches a certain level, the radiator cover will open and the coolant will flow to the reservoir; Lower, the coolant flows back into the radiator. If the coolant in the reservoir does not decrease and the level of the radiator is reduced, then the radiator cap will not work!
5) Cooling fan
During normal driving, the high-speed airflow is sufficient to dissipate heat, and the fan generally does not work at this time; however, when running at slow speed and in situ, the fan may rotate to assist the radiator to dissipate heat. The start of the fan is controlled by a water temperature sensor.
6) Water temperature sensor
The water temperature sensor is actually a temperature switch. When the engine inlet water temperature exceeds 90 °C, the water temperature sensor will turn on the fan circuit. If the cycle is normal and the fan does not turn when the temperature rises, the water temperature sensor and the fan itself need to be checked.
7) Liquid storage tank
The function of the liquid storage tank is to supplement the change of the cooling liquid and the buffer "thermal expansion and contraction", so do not overfill the liquid. If the reservoir is completely empty, you can't just add liquid to the tank. You need to open the radiator cover to check the liquid level and add coolant. Otherwise, the tank will lose its function.
8) Heating device
The heating device is in the car and generally is not a problem. It can be seen from the introduction of the cycle that this cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, so the heating is turned on when the vehicle is cold. This cycle has a slight delay on the temperature rise of the engine, but the impact is not so great, and there is no need to heat up the engine. Let people freeze. It is also because of the characteristics of this cycle that in the emergency situation where the engine is overheated, the window is opened and the heating is maximized, which will help the engine to cool down.
Second, the cooling system cycle
In the car's cooling system, there are actually two heat-dissipating cycles: one is to cool the main cycle of the engine, and the other is the in-vehicle heating cycle. Both cycles are centered on the engine and the same coolant is used.
1. Cooling the main cycle of the engine
The main cycle includes two work cycles, namely "cold cycle" and "normal cycle". After the cold car is in the car, the engine is gradually warming up, and the temperature of the coolant can not open the thermostat in the system. At this time, the coolant only passes through the pump to perform the "cold cycle" in the engine, so that the engine can reach the engine as soon as possible. Normal operating temperature. As the temperature of the engine rises, the temperature of the coolant rises to the temperature at which the thermostat is turned on (usually after 80 ° C), and the cooling cycle begins a "normal cycle." At this time, the coolant comes out of the engine, passes through the radiator at the front end of the car, dissipates heat, and then enters the engine through the water pump.
2, the heating cycle inside the car
This is a heating cycle, but for the engine it is also an engine cooling cycle. The coolant passes through the heating device inside the car, and the heat of the coolant is sent into the car and then returned to the engine. One difference is that the heating cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, as long as the heater is turned on, the cycle begins, regardless of whether the coolant is cold or hot.
The role of the automotive engine cooling system is to ensure that the engine is operating at the optimum temperature under any circumstances. Therefore, in the design and calculation of the cooling system, the selection of the radiator and the matching of the fans play an important role in the cooling system. Understanding the construction of automotive engine cooling systems and the role of their components is critical to the design, repair and maintenance of automotive engines.
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