Global artificial intelligence is still in the early stage of development, and artificial intelligence has risen to the national strategic level. Regarding the development status of artificial intelligence in China, many technologies in China are in the leading position in the world, and innovation and entrepreneurship are increasingly active, but the overall level and developed countries still have Larger gap.
At the beginning of the new year, let us turn our attention to artificial intelligence. In the past 2017, the hardware and algorithm improvement in the basic research field and the technical application combined with the development of the industry have brought another round of climax to the development of artificial intelligence. "The machine can think and act like a person" expands the imagination boundary of the whole society.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "to promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy." At what stage is the development level of artificial intelligence in China, and how is the application progress in the industry? This edition has planned a series of reports focusing on “high-quality development and attention to artificial intelligenceâ€. From the perspective of industry experts, senior practitioners and ordinary consumers, this edition presents readers with a full range of rapidly developing Chinese artificial intelligence.
2017 is a key year for the development of artificial intelligence in China. Both the "Government Work Report" and the 19th National Report of October have clearly proposed artificial intelligence as a development content, which means that artificial intelligence has risen to the national strategic level.
Subsequently, the launch of a series of policy plans, such as the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Planâ€, “Three-Year Action Plan for Promoting the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)â€, has a clear timetable for the development of artificial intelligence. route map.
Nowadays, China's artificial intelligence field is striving to develop in two aspects: top-level design and practical implementation, seize the opportunity, gain momentum, and start a new round of sprint.
Global artificial intelligence is still in the early stages of developmentWhat is artificial intelligence?
In 1956, at a special summer speech at Dartmouth College in the United States, MIT professor John McCarthy first proposed the concept of artificial intelligence. Since then, artificial intelligence has quickly become a hot topic.
Despite the many definitions of the concept, the scientific community has reached a consensus on the basic ideas and basic content of the artificial intelligence discipline: to study the laws of human intelligence activities, so that the machine can simulate, make it have the ability to learn, and even think like humans, jobs.
In the early days of artificial intelligence research, some scientists were very optimistic that with the popularity of computers and the increase in CPU computing power, the realization of artificial intelligence is just around the corner. But then it turned out that the development of artificial intelligence was not as good as expected.
In the 1950s and 1970s, artificial intelligence attempted to simulate human intelligence, but the enthusiasm was gradually cooled by the simplistic algorithm, the lack of theory to deal with uncertain environments, and the limitation of computing power. In the 1980s, artificial intelligence The key application--the rule-based expert system has been developed, but the data is small, it is difficult to capture the tacit knowledge of experts, and the computing power is still limited, so that it is not valued, and artificial intelligence research enters a low tide period.
Until the 1990s, artificial intelligence algorithms such as neural networks and deep learning, as well as information and communication technologies such as big data, cloud computing and high-performance computing, developed rapidly, and artificial intelligence ushered in the spring.
“About 10 years ago, a new machine learning method called deep learning made the artificial intelligence algorithm more intelligent.†Yi Jianqiang, a researcher at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: “It is a multi-layer representation. An algorithm for modeling complex relationships between data. Deep learning mimics human brain structures, with stronger modeling and reasoning capabilities, and can more effectively solve multiple types of complex intelligence problems."
Tan Tieniu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Currently, breakthroughs have been made in specialized artificial intelligence technologies for specific fields, and even beyond human intelligence in single-point breakthroughs and single-level tests at local intelligence levels."
Among them, the more famous events include the 1997 “Deep Blue†victory over the chess world champion. In 2011, IBM supercomputer Watson defeated two human champions in the American TV answering program, and the Alpha dog defeated the human Go master in 2016 and 2017. .
In the view of many artificial intelligence experts, although artificial intelligence has made great progress after nearly 60 years of development, it is still in the early stage of development.
China's many technologies are in the leading position in the worldIn the interview, many people in the industry believe that although China's artificial intelligence technology research and industrial application started late, but with the support and encouragement of many national policies and research funds, the development momentum has been rapid in recent years.
In terms of basic research, China has established R&D institutions such as artificial intelligence R&D teams and national key laboratories, and has set up various research topics related to artificial intelligence. The quantity and quality of R&D output have also been greatly improved. Many outstanding results have been achieved.
Qin Yong, Director of the Department of High and New Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said: "China is a world leader in speech recognition, visual recognition, machine translation, Chinese information processing, etc. The team of the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tan Tieniu team has completely broken through the imaging devices and images in the field of iris recognition. A series of key technologies such as processing, feature extraction, identification and retrieval, security and anti-counterfeiting, established the calculation theory and method system of the iris recognition comparison system, and built the largest shared iris image library in the world.
Smart chip technology has also achieved breakthroughs. The Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the world's first dedicated processor for deep learning. Tsinghua University has developed a computational chip that can reconstruct a neural network, which is three orders of magnitude better than the existing GPU.
At the same time, the number of papers in the field of artificial intelligence in China has grown rapidly. According to statistics, from 2007 to 2016, in the field of artificial intelligence in the world, China accounted for nearly 20%, second only to the United States; the total number of papers and citations in the field of deep learning ranked first in the world. In addition, the number of artificial intelligence-related invention patents has ranked second in the world.
Artificial intelligence innovation and entrepreneurship are increasingly activeAt present, with the artificial intelligence research boom, the application of artificial intelligence industrialization in China has also flourished.
Smart products and applications have sprung up. Artificial intelligence products are rapidly applied in medical, commercial, communication, and urban management. At present, 150 million Alipay users have used the “brush face†function, and Huawei has used artificial intelligence mobile chips for mobile phones for the first time in the world.
Artificial intelligence innovation and entrepreneurship are also increasingly active, and a number of leading backbone enterprises are growing rapidly. According to statistics, the number of artificial intelligence enterprises, the number of patent applications and the scale of financing in China are second only to the United States, ranking second in the world. Among the 100 artificial intelligence enterprises that are most worthy of attention in the world, there are 27 in China. Among them, Tencent, Alibaba Cloud, Baidu, and Keda Xunfei have become the world's leaders in artificial intelligence, and have become the national new generation artificial intelligence open innovation platform. Leading sheep.
On July 5, 2017, Baidu released the overall strategy, technology and solutions for the artificial intelligence open platform for the first time. This is also the first time Baidu AI technology has made an overall appearance. Among them, the dialogue artificial intelligence system allows users to realize many functions in a natural language dialogue interaction mode; Apollo automatic driving technology platform can help the automotive industry and auto-driving partners to quickly build a complete set of their own automatic The driving system is the world's leading autonomous driving ecosystem.
On August 3, 2017, Tencent officially released the artificial intelligence medical imaging product - Tencent. At the same time, it also announced the establishment of a joint laboratory for artificial intelligence medical imaging.
On October 11, 2017, Zhang Jianfeng, chief technology officer of Alibaba, announced the establishment of the global research institute, Dharma Institute. The establishment of Dharma Institute represents Alibaba's official entry into the ranks of cutting-edge technology such as global artificial intelligence.
In addition, Keda Xunfei is at the international leading level in intelligent voice technology; Etu Technology has built the world's first billion-level portrait comparison system, which became the face recognition technology test organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2017. The first Chinese team to win the championship.
"Accelerated accumulation of technical capabilities and massive data resources, huge application needs, open market environment organically combined, formed a unique advantage of the development of artificial intelligence in China." Qin Yong said.
The overall level is still far from the developed countries.Although China's key technologies of artificial intelligence, especially core algorithms, are comparable to those of developed countries, the overall development level of artificial intelligence in China still has a large gap compared with developed countries, such as high-precision parts, technology industry, and industrial design. , large intelligent systems, large-scale application systems and basic platforms. Experts also pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence technology in China is still facing challenges in terms of institutional mechanisms, innovative talents, and infrastructure.
Yi Jianqiang said: "Compared with the mature and advanced US artificial intelligence, although the number of artificial intelligence papers in China exceeds that of the United States, the influence of Chinese scholars is not as good as that of the United States or the United Kingdom."
An important reason behind this is the shortage of talent. According to statistics, more than half of the data scientists in the United States have more than 10 years of work experience, while in China, more than 40% of data scientists have less than five years of work experience. Also, there are fewer than 30 university research laboratories in China that focus on artificial intelligence, and the number of talents exported is far from meeting the needs of artificial intelligence companies. In addition, most of China's artificial intelligence scientists focus on areas such as computer vision and speech recognition, and talents in other fields are relatively scarce.
In terms of industrial applications, artificial intelligence technology results have been applied in more and more fields in China, but experts also have some problems. For example, with the exception of a few vertical areas, with years of experience in big data accumulation and business process optimization, it has spawned application scenarios where marketing, risk control, smart investment, security and other artificial intelligence technologies can directly land. Most of the traditional industry's business needs and labor There is still a big gap between the cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements of intelligence. The combination of mobile Internet applications and artificial intelligence technologies for the average consumer is still in the exploratory stage.
“In terms of the artificial intelligence ecosystem, the United States is also more sophisticated and active, and the number of startups far exceeds that of China. The ecosystem of research institutions, universities and private companies is huge, innovative and diverse.†Yi Jianqiang said.
Experts suggest that an open and shared artificial intelligence innovation development platform should be built to attach importance to and strengthen the forward-looking basic research of artificial intelligence, increase personnel training, and establish a more relaxed policy environment in deepening the application and market access of artificial intelligence technology and market access. Continuously improve the level of informatization to support intelligent development, and actively introduce and train more leading talents with international influence.
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