When it comes to the use of gyroscopes, Xiaobian can only say that it must be indispensable! In particular, today's smart terminals have been used in large areas. Before the high cost, they were commonly used in airplanes, aircraft carriers and large-scale operating equipment. Now use the current smart phones to study the gyroscopes. Later, they will introduce the gyroscopes. Features, after reading, you can fully understand the gyroscope.
1. The gyroscope currently used on smartphones is a MEMS (micro electromechanical) gyroscope. The use of gyroscopes in mobile phones is first used in the control of games. Compared with traditional gravity sensors, it can only sense two dimensions (multi-axis). The gravity sensing can detect the rotation of the object in the vertical direction, but the angle is difficult to judge. The gyroscope can control the angle of view and direction of the main character of the game by measuring the angular velocity of the movement such as deflection and tilt.
2. Can help the camera to anti-shake. When we press the shutter, the gyroscope measures the angle of the phone flip, feeds back the deviation caused by the hand shake to the image processor, and uses the calculated result to control the lens group to compensate for the lens shake direction and displacement. Clear photo effects.
3. Can assist GPS for inertial navigation. Especially in the vicinity of tunnels, bridges or high-rise buildings without GPS signals, the gyroscope measures the direction and speed of motion, multiplies the speed by time to obtain the distance of motion, achieves precise positioning and navigation, and can correct navigation lines.
This is the role of the mobile phone gyroscope. Do you think this mobile phone gyroscope is indispensable?
Gyro characteristicsNext, we use the diagram to describe the characteristics of the gyroscope.
The “gyroscope†is a device for sensitive angular displacement, and the important characteristics are the fixed axis and precessibility.
Axis
The fixed axis is well understood. The gyroscope has a momentum moment H during high-speed rotation. When the external torque is not applied, the rotation axis will maintain the same direction with respect to the inertia space.
Precession
Precessibility is the concept in a two-degree-of-freedom gyroscope. The two-degree-of-freedom gyroscope model is as follows:
The outer frame is rotatable about the outer frame axis, and the inner frame is rotatable about the inner frame axis, and the middle is a rotating gyro and a rotation axis.
Precession refers to such a phenomenon:
In the case where the gyro rotor rotates at a high speed, if a force is applied to the inner frame as shown in the figure, the outer frame is rotated in the direction as shown, thereby causing the momentum moment H (i.e., the direction of the rotation axis) to rotate accordingly. Or another situation:
Push the outer frame hard so that the inner frame rotates around the inner frame axis.
Similar to Newton's third law, when pushing the outer frame or the inner frame to change the direction of the momentum moment H, the gyroscope generates a reaction torque that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This is also one of the basic characteristics of the gyroscope.
Gyro application and summaryThe gyroscope gyroscope is an old and very viable instrument. It has been around for half a century since the first truly practical gyroscope was introduced, but until now, the gyroscope is still attracting people to study it. This is due to its own characteristics. The most important basic feature of a gyroscope is its stability and precessibility. It has long been known from children's ground gyros that the high-speed rotating gyro can stand vertically and remain perpendicular to the ground, which reflects the stability of the gyro. The theory of studying the motion characteristics of a gyroscope is a branch of the rigid body dynamics around a fixed point. It studies the dynamic characteristics of a rotating object based on the inertia of the object.
Gyro instruments were first used for navigational navigation, but with the development of science and technology, it has also been widely used in aviation and aerospace. The gyro instrument can be used not only as an indicator, but more importantly as a sensitive component in an automatic control system, as a signal sensor. Gyro instruments can provide accurate signals such as azimuth, level, position, velocity and acceleration, as needed, so that the driver or the autopilot can be used to control aircraft, ships or space shuttles to fly on a certain route. In the guidance of navigation vehicles such as satellite carriers or space-detecting rockets, these signals are directly used to complete the attitude control and orbit control of the vehicle. As a stabilizer, the gyro instrument enables the train to travel on a single track, which can reduce the sway of the ship in the wind and waves, and can stabilize the camera mounted on the aircraft or satellite relative to the ground. As a precision test instrument, gyroscopes provide accurate azimuth references for surface facilities, mine tunnels, underground railways, oil drilling, and missile silos.
to sum up:
Gyroscopes play an important role in both life and military fields. From small mobile phones to large satellites, you can see it.
Aircraft attitude control is an important application of gyro characteristics and is the embodiment of the fixed axis. The vertical gyroscope establishes a vertical reference for the aircraft. The reason is very simple. During the flight of the aircraft, regardless of the attitude change, the vertical gyroscope always points in the vertical direction, thus providing information about the attitude angle. Of course, due to the gyro's own drift and environmental changes, the correction device needs to be calibrated at any time.
Similarly, the horizontal gyroscope indicates the horizontal direction and provides information for the aircraft's heading angle correction.
The gyro compass is a device that relies on a gyroscope to indicate true north. It takes advantage of the combination of the Earth's rotation angular velocity and the gravity moment to enable the rotation axis to automatically find true north without relying on the geomagnetic field. There has also been considerable progress and development. It can be seen that the application range of gyro instruments is quite extensive, and it plays an important role in modern defense construction and national economic construction.
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