Electronic enthusiasts network news [author / Pan Wei]: CD format due to historical reasons, the development of standards is low, therefore, CD and "master tape" (the so-called master tape is the original file when recording, generally 24bit/96KHz files) In contrast, the difference in hearing is relatively large. Therefore, in recent years, a variety of "mastering" players have emerged in the market. The brands are dazzling, the technology is over the sea, and the publicity is dazzling. Because there is no industry standard, it is very mature. I believe most of the "fans" are more Difficult to distinguish.
Here, the audio expert Pan Wei has openly valuable experience for the process of engineers developing the player, and hopes to help everyone choose the product.
Basic skills required for design
To do a product well, we must first understand this product, I believe this is the most basic condition. After designing the product, how do you know if it meets the design requirements? To give a simple example, if a conductor is standing on the command post and comparing the live scenes he hears with the recordings played back through the speakers, this evaluation is relatively pertinent, because the sound system is always a “simulated sceneâ€. The system needs to be compared with the real scene to know how much it can be restored. It is difficult for ordinary ordinary fans to have this condition without this music training, so the evaluation criteria are relatively low and are susceptible to objective factors. Of course, you don't have to be your own conductor, but if you can go to the concert hall to listen to music often, you can make up for this deficiency, but remind you that the seats in the concert hall have a great influence on the sense of hearing. This can be easily categorized as: knowing music, or the team has an expert who understands music.
The general system architecture of the digital player
Most electronic products are divided into software/hardware, at least digital players. Digital players contain a relatively wide range of fields, from hardware to software, from digital to analog, across multiple domains, and these areas are not easily integrated. To make such a product, the time required is to The annual calculation can be done not simply by how much work is invested. Having said that, many engineers who do mobile phones may be dismissive. Isn't the mobile phone more complicated than a simple player? Indeed, the hardware and software systems of mobile phones are much more complicated, but the requirements and the player are much worse. No part of the mobile phone will require a dynamic range of 120dB, and it will not require -110dB of THD+N. Experience and the parameters of various manufacturers, the highest requirement of the mobile phone is only -96dB THD+N. In contrast, the difference between the requirements of the audio and the sound may be as much as 10 times. These parameters are all improved by various methods. It is not that there are any formulas that can be calculated or have a reference model.
To achieve a perfect system, the depth of hardware and software combination is very high, so we need to plan well, we must be proficient in software and hardware, and we are all indispensable. Our friends developed USB decoders and found that different drivers have a great impact on sound. Different circuit designs have a great influence on sound, and there are even many phenomena that have not been supported by theoretical models. Therefore, the entire product design must be very proficient, otherwise the required parameters cannot be achieved.
Why are there many customers who import so much audio products? Is it so difficult to get out of the country for the domestic brand? Designing a product, technology is one aspect, but audio products, more time, need experience, such as such a variety of models of operational amplifiers, how to match? why? There are thousands of combinations of op amps alone, and not good performance devices must have good sound. So this is one of the main reasons why audio products are more difficult to develop. It is best to develop as a hobby. At the same time, a good sound is comparable to a luxury product. A pair of speakers can easily be 6-digit. Without this consumer ability, it is often difficult to design a product for this consumer group. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the true market and value of this product. . Therefore, it is best to have money and leisure to design such products, otherwise it will be difficult to do well.
Developing countries, for the time being, still survive in the "satisfaction", developed countries, basically rich and adequate food, while paying attention to the value of spiritual civilization such as copyright. Regardless of the product, most of the research in developed countries pursues excellence, and the land in China is currently mostly “cottageâ€. “Can sound†and “sound sound†is not a concept. It requires time and sufficient accumulation. Therefore, it is difficult for a young company to meet the requirement of “good sound†because we are also coming over. Discussion.
How sensitive is the human ear?
The experimental results of the Physics Laboratory of Taiwan University show that the frequency of acceptance of most people's ears is 20Hz-20000Hz, and the results of that experiment show that the sensitivity of the human ear is very high, and the sound of the human ear is the strongest acceptable and the weakest. The ratio of the sound reaches an astonishing 1012 (this data has some reservations, remember that it was 118dB before). If this data is converted to bit rate, it is 240 (according to the data in memory, 118dB, which is 220). This means that 16bit is far from meeting the requirements of the human ear, and the human ear has higher requirements.
Here is a practical example. A mother and a newborn baby sleep separately in a windowed room on the side of the downtown road. The noise is not awakening the mother, but the noise of the baby is much less than the noise outside the window. Can wake up the mother. This example shows that the complexity of the human body is not simple and several parameters can be described. The professor who proposed this example pointed out that because the brain has a strong filtering function for information, this is caused by the fact that the brain will "adjust" the received information, amplify the needed information, and filter out the unwanted ones. The ability to extract weak information in a complex environment. So the well-trained studio can easily point out the problem and reach the height that the instrument can't reach.
In addition, how much time does the human ear's hearing memory have? Scientific statistics show that 6 seconds. This parameter will be referenced in the following how to evaluate it.
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