Ternary lithium battery is a kind of lithium battery: mainly refers to the cathode material of the battery. Generally, the cathode material of lithium batteries is lithium cobalt oxide.
The ternary lithium battery is relatively balanced in terms of capacity and safety, and is a battery with excellent overall performance. The main functions and advantages of the three metal elements are as follows:
Co3+: Reduce the cation mixing space, stabilize the layered structure of the material, reduce the impedance value, improve the electrical conductivity, and improve the cycle and efficiency performance.
Ni2+: can increase the capacity of the material (increase the volume energy density of the material), and due to the similar radius of Li and Ni, too much Ni will also cause lithium and nickel to be mixed due to the dislocation phenomenon of Li, and the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layer The larger the value, the more difficult it is to deintercalate lithium in the layered structure, resulting in poor electrochemical performance.
Mn4+: Not only can reduce the cost of materials, but also can improve the safety and stability of the materials. However, an excessively high Mn content will easily form a spinel phase and destroy the layered structure, reducing the capacity and reducing the cycle.
Voltage platform is an important indicator of battery energy density and determines the basic performance and cost of the battery. Therefore, the selection of battery materials is of great significance. The higher the voltage platform, the greater the specific capacity, and certainly the same size, weight, and even the same ampere-hour battery, the higher the voltage platform of the ternary material lithium battery has a longer range. The voltage platform of the ternary material is significantly higher than that of lithium iron phosphate, the high line can reach 4.2 volts, and the discharge platform can reach 3.6 or 3.7 volts.
2. High energy densityHigh energy density is the biggest advantage of ternary lithium batteries, and the voltage platform is an important indicator of battery energy density, which determines the basic efficiency and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity, so the same volume, weight, and even the same Ampere’s battery, the ternary material lithium battery with a higher voltage platform lasts longer.
3. High tap densityTap density refers to the mass per unit volume measured after the powder in the container is tapped under specified conditions. The tap density or bulk density (called loose density in some industrial fields) is defined as the mass of the sample divided by its volume. This volume includes the sample itself, the sample pores and the sample gap volume.
Poor safety, poor high temperature resistance, poor life, poor high-power discharge. Poor safety and short cycle life are the main shortcomings of ternary lithium batteries, especially safety performance, which has been a major factor that has restricted their large-scale matching and large-scale integrated applications. A large number of actual tests show that it is difficult for ternary batteries with larger capacity to pass safety tests such as acupuncture and overcharge. This is also the reason why more manganese elements are generally introduced in large-capacity batteries, or even mixed with lithium manganate. The cycle life of 500 times is in the middle of the lithium battery, so the main application field of the ternary lithium battery is 3C digital and other consumer electronic products.
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