Since the end of last year, the word "5G" has remained hot. As a cutting-edge communication technology, 5G has many terms. Because the names of standards, norms, and technologies are too simple and rude, and the complexity of 5G technology itself, these terms have many similarities and confusing phenomena. This article will help you sort out and explain common 5G terminology.
IMT-2020
IMT-2020 is the legal name for 5G and was determined by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) at the 2012 World Wireless Communications Conference. To be straightforward, IMT-2020 is just an alias for 5G.
International Telecommunication Union Logo
3GPP R15/R16
3GPP's full name 3rd GeneraTIon Partnership Project is an international communications organization. Members include four categories: organizational members, market representatives, observers, and special guests. Organization members include ARIB (Japan Radio Industry Association), ATIS (American Telecommunications Industry Solutions Alliance), CCSA (China Communications Standards Association), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standardization Association), TSDSI (India Telecommunications Standards Development Association), TTA (Korea Telecom) Technical Association) and TTC (Japan Telecommunications Technical Committee). Market representatives include 18 members including 4G Americas, 5GAA and GSM AssociaTIon. Observers include three members, including ISACC. Special guests include 27 members including CITC and Netgear.
3GPP Logo
3GPP will regularly release new wireless communication technology standards, and R15 (Release 15) is the first version to include the 5G standard. The R16 in the second phase of the planned 5G will be completed in the fourth quarter of 2019.
NR (new air port)
NR is an abbreviation for "New Radio." The technical topics involved are complex, but in simple terms, NR is a new standard for data communication between wireless devices and base stations.
The communication between the device and the base station is wireless, and the communication medium is a radio that travels in the air. The new air interface (NR) is the "new interface for wirelessly transmitting data in the air."
mmWave (millimeter wave)
The millimeter wave is an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 30 to 300 GHz, and the frequency band is located between a microwave and an infrared wave. The millimeter wave applied to 5G technology is in the frequency band of 24 to 100 GHz. The extremely high frequency of the millimeter wave gives it an extremely fast transfer rate. At the same time, its higher bandwidth also allows operators to choose a wider frequency band. Be aware that there are fewer and fewer unused frequency bands.
5G frequency band (Figure: Qualcomm)
However, the millimeter wave is not perfect, and its ultra-short wavelength (1 to 10 mm) makes it weak to penetrate the object, which leads to signal attenuation. These objects include air, fog, clouds and thick objects.
Fortunately, the development of communication technology in recent years has led people to find a way to overcome the short transmission distance of millimeter waves. One method is to simply and rudely increase the number of base stations. Another method is to send electromagnetic waves to the same straight line through a large number of small antennas to form a focused beam that is strong enough to extend the effective transmission distance.
Short wavelengths also have advantages, such as short wavelengths that allow the transceiver antenna to be made small and small enough to fit into the phone. The small size antenna also makes it easier to build a multi-antenna combination system in a limited space.
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